Dr Molly Johnston1, Dr Giuliana Fuscaldo1, Prof Catherine Mills1
1Monash University, Australia
Biography:
Dr Molly Johnston is a research fellow at the Monash Bioethics Centre, Monash University. Her research addresses ethical, social, and regulatory issues raised by human reproductive technologies, in particular ARTs and prenatal genetic testing.
Abstract:
For almost four decades a 10-year storage limit on frozen eggs has been commonly adopted worldwide, including in states of Australia. Given scientific advancements in freezing technology, the rising number of people accessing egg freezing, and the UK’s recent move to extend storage limits from 10 to 55 years, a review of the storage limits in Australia is warranted.
In this paper, we first analyse the initial justifications for imposing a 10-year limit. Various reasons have been offered to support storage limits, including that they prevent the accumulation of (abandoned) materials, reflect social norms about the appropriate age of parenthood, and were introduced as a precaution, given the experimental nature of cryopreservation.
We then draw upon empirical evidence on the impact and appropriateness of storage limits, collected from a pilot mixed-methods study with people who have frozen their eggs. Participants suggested that storage limits are unfair and discriminatory, and for some, place significant pressure on decisions about the timing of parenthood and egg disposition. Approximately 23% (11/47) of participants agreed that frozen eggs should be subject to storage limits, while just under half (21/47) were opposed and 15 were unsure.
We argue that many of the historical justifications for storage limits are now irrelevant, unjustified, or point to issues that could be more effectively addressed through other means such as counselling. Further, storage limits can be a source of significant distress for some people. Taken together, stronger justifications are needed if current storage limits are to remain.